A financial Case Study of Sovereign Lodge

The Sovereign Lodge is an old, but good maintained belongings that has changed ownership several times over the old ages. It has no eating house or saloon. It is positioned as a mid-price, good quality â€Å" finish † resort Lodge. The Sovereign Lodge is unfastened during the skiing season. It opens on December 2 and closes the last twenty-four hours of March. The ski mountain it serves operates on a license from the province which allows merely 120 yearss of operation per twelvemonth. Each of the 50 suites in the east wing rents for $ 15 for individual tenancy or $ 20 for dual tenancy. The west wing of the Lodge has 30 suites, all of which have dramatic positions of the skiing inclines, the mountains, and the small town. Board in this wing rent for $ 20 and $ 25 for individual or dual tenancy, severally. The mean tenancy rate during the season is approximately 80 % ( typically, the Lodge is full on weekends and norms 50 to 60 suites occupied on hebdomad darks. ) The ratio of individual versus dual tenancy is 2:8, on norm. Operating consequences for the last financial twelvemonth are shown in Exhibit 1. Mr. Kacheck, the director of the Lodge, is concerned about the off-season months, which show losingss each month and cut down the high net incomes reported during the season. He has suggested to the proprietors, who acquired the Lodge merely at the terminal of the 2006 season, that to cut down the off-season losingss, they should hold to maintain the west wing of the Lodge runing year-round. He estimates the mean tenancy rate for the off-season to be between 20 % and 40 % for the following few old ages. Kacheck estimations that with careful attending to the off-season patronage a 40 % tenancy rate for the 30 suites during the off-season would be much more likely if the proprietors would perpetrate $ 4,000 for advertisement each twelvemonth ( $ 500 for each of 8 months ) . There is no grounds to bespeak that the 2:8 ratio of individual vs. doubles would be different during the balance of the twelvemonth or in the hereafter. Ratess, nevertheless, would hold to be drastically reduced. Present programs are to cut down them to $ 10 and $ 15 for singles and doubles. The director ‘s wage is paid over 12 months. He acts as a caretaker of the installations during the off season and besides contracts most of the fix and care work during that clip. Using the west wing would non interfere with this work, but would do an estimated extra $ 2,000 per twelvemonth for fix and care. Mrs. Kacheck is paid $ 20 a twenty-four hours for oversing the amahs and assisting with check-in. During the season, she works 7 yearss a hebdomad. The regular desk clerk and each amah are paid on a day-to-day footing at the rate of $ 24 and $ 15 severally. The paysheet revenue enhancements and other periphery benefits are about 20 % of the paysheet. Although depreciation and belongings revenue enhancements would non be affected by the determination to maintain the West flying unfastened, insurance would increase by $ 500 for the twelvemonth. During the off-season, it is estimated that Mr. and Mrs. Kacheck could manage the forepart desk without an extra individual. Mrs. Kacheck would, nevertheless, be paid for 5 yearss a hebdomad. The cleansing supplies and half of the assorted disbursals ( room supplies ) are considered a direct map of the figure of suites occupied. The other half of the assorted disbursals are fixed and would non alter with 12 month operation. Linen is rented from a supply house and the cost besides depends on the figure of suites occupied, but is twice every bit much, on norm, for dual tenancy as for individual tenancy. The public-service corporations include two points: telephone and electricity. There is no electricity disbursal with the Lodge closed. With the Lodge operating, electricity disbursal is a map of the figure of suites available to the populace. Rooms must either be heated or air-conditioned. The telephone measures for each of the four seasonal months were as follows: 80 Telephones @ $ 3.00/month $ 240 Telephone Basic Service Charge 50 $ 290 During the off-season, merely the basic service charge is paid. The monthly charge of $ 3 is applicable merely to active telephones. An extra facet of Mr. Kacheck ‘s proposal is that a covered and het swimming pool be added to the Lodge. Mr.Kacheck believes that this would increase the chance that the off-season tenancy rate would be above 30 % . Precise estimations are impossible. It is felt that although the winter tenancy rate will non be greatly affected by adding an indoor pool, finally such a pool will hold to be built to remain even with the competition. The cost of such a pool is estimated to be $ 40,000. This sum could be depreciated over 5 old ages with no salvage value ( $ 15,000 of the $ 40,000 is for a plastic bubble and the heating units, which would be used nine months of the twelvemonth ) . The lone other costs associated with the swimming pool are $ 400 per month for a lifesaver, required by jurisprudence during the busy hours, extra insurance and revenue enhancements, estimated to be $ 1,200 ; heating cost of $ 1,000 ; and a annual care cost of $ 1,800. If the pool were covered, a guard wou ld be needed for 12 months. If it is non covered, a guard would be needed merely for 3 summer months ( from 15 June to 15 September, the warmest period of the twelvemonth ) , and there would be no warming disbursal.Exhibit 1 Sovereign LodgeOperating Statement, For the Fiscal Year ended 3/31/09 Grosss $ 160,800 Expenses Wages Manager $ 15,000 Manager ‘s Wife 2,400 Desk Clerk 2,880 Maids ( four ) 7,200 $ 27,480 Payroll Taxes and Fringe Benefits 5,496 Depreciation ( 15 twelvemonth life ) 30,000 Property Taxs 4,000 Insurance 3,000 Repairs and Maintenance 17,204 Cleaning Supplies 1,920 Utilities 6,360 Linen Service 13.920 Interest on Mortgage ( 5 % involvement rate ) 21,716 Assorted Expenses 7,314 Entire Expenses 138,410 Net income before Federal Income Taxes $ 22,390 Federal Income Taxes ( 48 % ) 10,747 Net Profit $ 11,643 The six options are Opening in the summer, A with and without advertisement, for each of no pool, pool without bubble, pool with bubble.The Options are:Stay unfastened, no advertizement, and no pool. Stay unfastened, advertisement, no pool. Stay unfastened, no advertizement, and pool merely. Stay unfastened, advertisement, and pool merely. Stay unfastened, no advertizement, pool and bubble. Stay unfastened, advertisement, pool and bubble. A matrix demoing incremental fixed costs for each of the six options and classs of cost covering, fixs, insurance, Mrs. K, advertisement, the pool, the bubble, pool disbursals ( rather a few classs here ) , telephone, electricity, and amahs ( if you think necessary ) . Each figure in this matrix should be carefully explained as if to a non-finance individual.Fixed costs for the off season which is besides known as Incremental fixed cost:Manager ‘s married woman: she is paid merely 5 yearss a hebdomad hence, figure of yearss for which she is paidEntire yearss in the 8 month period = ( 365-120 ) = 245 yearss Therefore, figure of hebdomads in that period 245/7 = 35 hebdomads 35 ten 5 yearss = 175 yearss ( Mrs. Kacheck is paid merely for 5 yearss a hebdomad ) 175 ten $ 20 = $ 3500 ( sum spent on Mrs. Kacheck ‘s wage )Maid ‘s wageAt least one amah is considered in the off extremum season and the options in which advertisement is done 2 amahs are taken.Maid is paid $ 15 per twenty-four hours and for 245 yearss during the off extremum season 15 ten 245 = $ 3675 per amah Sing 1 amah for 8 months consequences in the $ 3675 While for 2 amahs, 2 x $ 3675 = $ 7350Repair and care$ 2000 for 8 months ( mentioned in the instance survey ) Additional $ 1800 for the options in which pool is considered.Utilities: ( Telephone + Electricity )Utilities expense = telephone + electricity + warming ( in alternate 5 and 6 merely ) The telephone and the electricity is the direct map of figure of suites available to the populace it is considered for 30 suites. Telephone for 1 month 290 Therefore telephone for 4 months = 290 * 4 = 1160 + 400 ( basic service charge for 8 months when all the line were closed assuming that the Lodge was closed for 8 months ) = $ 1560 Expenses on telephone for 8 months presuming that the 30 suites are available to the public = 30 x 3 = 90 + 50 ( basic service charge for east wing which is closed ) = $ 140 per month Therefore, for 8 months = 140 ten 8 = $ 1120Electricity:Hence by here we can cipher the electricity disbursal i.e. = 6360 – 1560 = $ 4800 Electricity disbursal for 80 suites for 120 yearss = 4800 Therefore electricity disbursal of per room per twenty-four hours = 4800 / ( 80*120 ) =0.5 per room per twenty-four hours Therefore for 30 suites for 245 yearss = 0.5 ten 30 ten 245 = $ 3675 And heating disbursal will be $ 1000 ( wherever pool and bubble is included i.e. in alternate 5 and 6 ) Then calculate the incremental part ( in $ ) per occupied room/day during the off-season?Incremental Contribution = Revenue – Variable disbursalStay unfastened, no advertizement, and no pool.Incremental Contribution Margin: Entire Revenue – Entire Variable Expenses =20580-3524 = 17056 17056 = 2842.66 per room 6 Suites 2842.66 = 11.60 part border per room per twenty-four hours 245 yearss Incremental Contribution Margin: Entire Revenue – Entire Variable Expenses =41,160 – 7,291 =33869 33869 = 2822.41 per room 12 Suites 2822.41 = 11.52 Contribution Margin per room per twenty-four hours 245 yearss Incremental Contribution Margin: Entire Revenue – Entire Variable Expenses =30870 – 5529 = 25341 Contribution Margin 25341 = 2815.66 per room 9 Suites 2815.66 = 11.49 Contribution Margin per room per twenty-four hours 245 yearss Variable Expenses =41,160 – 7,291 = 33,869 Contribution Margin 33869 = 2822.41 per room 12 Suites 2822.41 = 11.52 Contribution Margin per room per twenty-four hours 245 yearss Incremental Contribution Margin: Entire Revenue – Entire Variable Expenses =30,870 – 5,529 = 25,341 Contribution Margin 25341 = 2815.67 per room 9 Suites 2815.67 = 11.49 Contribution Margin per room per twenty-four hours 245 yearss Incremental Contribution Margin: Entire Revenue – Entire Variable Expenses =41,160 – 7,291 = 33,869 Contribution Margin 33869 = 2822.41 per room 12 Suites 2822.41 = 11.52 Contribution Margin per room per twenty-four hours 245 yearss Note: All the computations are for ciphering the gross is done sing the ratio of 2:8 for individual: dual as mentioned in the instance survey.Incremental Variable disbursals –Linen services:For disbursals of 4 months = 13920 ( given in the instance survey ) With regard to 80 % of 80 suites presuming the ratio of Single: dual as 2:8 Therefore linen supplies = 13920/ ( 13 individual suites x 1 + 51double suites x 2 ) = 13920/115 = 121.05 for 4 monthsTherefore linen disbursal for 1 twenty-four hours 121.05 / 120 = 1.01Therefore in 245 yearss we have 6 suites occupied in the ratio of 2:8 as individual: dual ( 4 double suites cost $ 8 and 2 individual suites cost $ 2 per twenty-four hours giving a sum of $ 10 per twenty-four hours for the linen services ) 245 x 10 = $ 2450 Similarly when the tenancy rate is dual i.e. 40 % at that clip the figure of suites alterations from 6 to 12 and sing 3 singles and 9 dual suites the linen comes $ 5145Cleaning suppliesExpenses on cleaning supplies in 4 months = 1920 No. of suites occupied in that period = 80 % of 80 = 64 suitesTherefore, cleaning supplies per room per twenty-four hours = ( 1920 ) / ( 64*120 ) = $ 0.25Hence, for 6 suites for 245 yearss = 0.25 ten 6 ten 245 = $ 368 Similarly, when the figure of suites taken is 9 for the instance of 30 % and for 12 for 40 % tenancy. Hence, for 9 suites for 245 yearss = 0.25 ten 9 ten 245 = $ 551 Hence, for 12 suites for 245 yearss = 0.25 ten 12 ten 245 = $ 735Assorted disbursal50 % of 7314 is variable i.e. 3657 for 120 yearss sing 64 suites Therefore misc. disbursal per room per twenty-four hours = 3657/ ( 64 x 120 ) = 0.48 per room per twenty-four hours Hence for 6 suites for 245 yearss = 0.48 ten 6 ten 245 = $ 706 Similarly when the tenancy rate is 30 % the figure of suites taken is 9 and when it is 40 % the figure of suites taken is 12. Hence for 6 suites for 245 yearss = 0.48 ten 9 ten 245 = $ 1058 Hence for 6 suites for 245 yearss = 0.48 ten 12 ten 245 = $ 1411 By spliting each of the six incremental fixed costs by the incremental part per unit, and comparing this figure with the figure of room/days available outside of the skiing season, you should deduce interrupt even tenancy per centums in the scope 18 % – 44 % . For each determination alternate calculate the tenancy rate necessary to interrupt even on the incremental one-year disbursals.Break even volume = Incremental fixed cost / part border per unit ( room )Stay unfastened, no advertizement, and no pool.Break Even Volume: = 14470 2842.66 =5.09Stay unfastened, advertisement, no pool.Break Even Volume: = 22145 2822.41 =7.84Stay unfastened, no advertizement, and pool merely.Break Even Volume: = 27270 2815.66 = 9.68Stay unfastened, advertisement, and pool merely.Break Even Volume: = 34945 2822.41 = 12.38Stay unfastened, no advertizement, pool and bubble.Break Even Volume: = 31270 2815.67 = 11.10Stay unfastened, advertisement, pool and bubble.Break Even Volume: = 38945 2822.41 = 13.79 The tenancy per centum comes out to be about equal to 40 % sing all the options i.e. remain unfastened, advertisement, pool and bubble. The figure of suites required to be filled is about equal to 12 out of 30. By comparing these breakeven figures with Mr Kachek ‘s outlooks ( as indicated in the text ) you should pull decisions about which of the options is the best. The recommend option on the footing of breakeven computations: Ans. The best option should be the first one i.e. merely to remain open because merely 5.5 % more tenancy is needed to run into the interruption even status which is rather less every bit compared to the other values. This determination option can besides be considered because of the gross. Mr. Kacheck besides thinks that if the advertisement is done so the tenancy per centum will be at least 40 % and by comparing the per centum of the part border to the incremental fixed cost gives the Break even volume which is good for the first option. Alternate 1: The breakeven volume the rate of per centum which is required to be increased in the tenancy comes to be 5.09 % . All the computations are done sing the tenancy rate as 20 % in that determination option. To run into a status where entire gross is equal to the entire disbursal the most favourable rate of tenancy for this instance should be 14.01 % Alternate 2: The breakeven volume the rate of per centum which is required to be increased in the tenancy comes to be 7.8 % . All the computations are done sing the tenancy rate as 40 % in that determination option. To run into a status where entire gross is equal to the entire disbursal the most favourable rate of tenancy for this instance should be 42.2 % Alternate 3: The breakeven volume the rate of per centum which is required to be increased in the tenancy comes to be 9.68 % . All the computations are done sing the tenancy rate as 30 % in that determination option. To run into a status where entire gross is equal to the entire disbursal the most favourable rate of tenancy for this instance should be 21.4 % Alternate 4: The breakeven volume the rate of per centum which is required to be increased in the tenancy comes to be 12.4 % . All the computations are done sing the tenancy rate as 40 % in that determination option. To run into a status where entire gross is equal to the entire disbursal the most favourable rate of tenancy for this instance should be 27.6 % Alternate 5: The breakeven volume the rate of per centum which is required to be increased in the tenancy comes to be 11.10 % . All the computations are done sing the tenancy rate as 30 % in that determination option. To run into a status where entire gross is equal to the entire disbursal the most favourable rate of tenancy for this instance should be 19.9 % Alternate 6: The breakeven volume the rate of per centum which is required to be increased in the tenancy comes to be 13.8 % . All the computations are done sing the tenancy rate as 40 % in that determination option. To run into a status where entire gross is equal to the entire disbursal the most favourable rate of tenancy for this instance should be 26.2 % 7A Using the original net income statement for the skiing season, and the best option for the non skiing season you should deduce an overall annualA net income figure for Sovereign Lodge. After analysing the income statement of the extremum season i.e. skiing season along with all the six options, the 2nd option is the best 1 in which the Lodge stay opens along with the advertizement. Note: In this option the net net income comes to be highest which is the ground to choose this option in order to transport frontward the Lodge to remain unfastened for the remainder of the off extremum season. 8 You should compose a decision which incorporates your remarks in Note 5, and your sentiment from Note 6, and any other positions about the hereafter of this Lodge in order to do a concluding recommendation to the owners.A This decision should be at least half a page long. Ans. The fiscal statements say that 2nd option in which the Lodge is to remain unfastened with the advertizement but no pool is the best option because the net net income for that option is the highest and to be more profitable is the best thing. As Mr. Kacheck ‘s outlook if the advertisement is done maintaining the Lodge unfastened, the false per centum is 40 which enables the overall gross for the twelvemonth to be the highest. The net net income for this determination option is highest amongst all i.e. $ 16819. Because there are no extra disbursals the overall gross is high and there are more net income borders. Mr. Kacheck expects that the net income border will be higher for the options in which the advertisement is done. Initially the basic status is to maintain the Lodge unfastened during the off extremum season and in that period if no extra disbursal is done so the net net income comes to be the higher as in the 2nd option. Ad can better the tenancy per centum as more people will come to cognize about the Lodge. The advertisement money can be utilized in to the web site of the Lodge so that people can happen out the information about the Lodge online.

“Beast” by Richard Wilbur Essay

In â€Å"Beast† by Richard Wilbur, Wilbur uses poetic structures, paradox and the idea of balance between nature and humanity to display in the reader’s mind that nature is something that should not be looked down upon rather should be feared. In the first few stanzas, Wilbur displays the natural process that nature goes through, for example, he introduces paradox when the â€Å"ripped mouse† is â€Å"safe in the owl’s talon† stressing that there is balance within nature itself, additionally highlighting that nature is the source and creator of balance. Furthermore, Wilbur adds another paradox by showing that a â€Å"freed beast is in slumber†, confusing the reader because free beast would roam the world and cause chaos and havoc to those that destroys the beast’s habitat. This further shows that, with nature by itself the beast does not awake; however, with humanity’s interference the beast awakes and is a â€Å"risen hunter.à ¢â‚¬  All of these paradoxes stress the internal balance that nature creates and portrays that any interference with nature causes humanity to mimic the power that nature has; nonetheless, humanity’s interference ultimately leads to there downfall and an imbalance between humanity and nature. As shown in the last three stanzas, humanity â€Å"suitors of excellence† wants to achieve perfection and unwavering power that nature possesses; yet, humanity is always stopped by nature with a â€Å"sigh† because any attempt to achieve nature’s equal makes nature to hunt humanity as a â€Å"risen hunter.† These last stanzas show the power that nature has cannot be copied or taken no matter how hard humanity tries, stressing the point that humanity’s interference with nature causes their own downfall and corruption. Additionally, Wilbur’s poetic structure adds additionally voice into the poem that supports humanity’s interference as unconventional yet eminent. In the first stanza, Wilbur uses musical symbols such as â€Å"major†, â€Å"minor†, â€Å"plucked†, â€Å"dulcet†, â€Å"concordance†, and â€Å"lyric† to imply that nature is peaceful and at rest because there is nothing out of the bal ance that creates discordance. However, Wilbur changes the tone of the poem around line 12 that causes dissonance because not only does the plot take an unexpected turn but also there where â€Å"no such darkness† but diction such as â€Å"warp†, â€Å"painful†, â€Å"werewolf†, and â€Å"sweaty† are type of words not found in the first half of the poem. Furthermore, uses rhetorical shifts, or volta, to change scenes from one place to another to show the difference between what nature is trying to achieve with its power and what humanity wants to do with their power. For example, in lines 12 and 13 a volta is introduced to show not only the change in scenes but also the institution of acceptance verses internal transformation. In conclusion with nature’s overwhelming power, humanity continues on to dream despite their loss, making humanity a very flexible being, shown through their retreat â€Å"from their work construe;† however, through this humanity is free, â€Å"unbridled† adding onto humanity’s flexibility. Generally, Wilbur’s â€Å"Beasts† is a struggle between humanity and nature fighting over for power, but in the end nature triumphs. In other words, nature’s balance with devastation and upheaval is shattered by humanity as they, mankind, attempt to stand alone, which ultimately leads to their downfall and fraudulence.

Notes: Something Wicked This Way Comes Essay

Main characters: 1. William Halloway – One of the main protagonists of the novel. Will is thirteen years old and has white-blonde hair and eyes â€Å"as clear as summer rain.† Although very obedient, Will is also sweet, sensitive, and does not want to grow up because he thoroughly enjoys being young. He always finds the right thing to do, even in the most trivial of situations. Will has an active role in fighting against the carnival’s evil powers. 2. James â€Å"Jim† Nightshade – Best friend of Will Halloway. A rash boy, who acts a foil to Will’s character, in that he thinks less and acts quickly in his actions. He has wild, tangled chestnut brown hair and grass-colored eyes. Jim yearns to become older, making him vulnerable to the carnival’s many temptations, but is ultimately saved by Will’s friendship. 3. Charles Halloway – Father of William. He is the dynamic character of the novel, as in the beginning he is kind, yet does not care to relate to his son for fear that age shall always get in the way. However, after gaining courage from fighting off the carnival’s evils, he gains admiration, love and friendship from his son. 4. Mr. Dark – Major protagonist. A sinister man who bears tattoos all over his body, one for each person successfully tempted into joining the carnival. Mr. Dark initially holds sway over the other main characters, but his power weakens when Charles uses positive emotions against him, something he cannot comprehend or withstand. Dark’s background is a mystery, although he refers to being raised in a strict religious upbringing. Minor Characters: 1. J. C. Cooger – Dark’s partner in running the carnival, Mr. Cooger is a fierce, red-headed man who is first seen repairing the carousel. He catches and terrifies Will and Jim until Mr. Dark intervenes. Like Mr. Dark, his origins are unknown. 2. The Dust Witch – A blind soothsayer with a sixth sense and the ability to perform many feats of magic, the Witch is portrayed as one of the carnival’s most dangerous members. However, her increased sensitivity to the presence and emotions of other people makes her vulnerable to positive feelings. 3. Miss Foley – A fifty-year-old schoolteacher of Will and Jim. Much like the other victims of the carnival, Miss Foley wished to become young and beautiful again. However, when she got her wish, she became frightened because she went blind. 4. The Skeleton – An extremely thin, skeleton-like creature who is one of the more frequently appearing freaks. Like all of the other freaks, he once desired to be younger and was eventually tricked into joining the carnival. The Skeleton appears to be one of the more loyal freaks as, near the book’s end, he takes the time to carry the recently deceased and youth Mr. Dark with him after all the other freaks ran away. 5. Tom Fury/Dwarf – A lightning rod salesman who is turned into an insane dwarf by the carnival and is recruited into it, with no memories of his former life. Main Setting: The novel is set in Green Town, Illinois during October 23 – October 25. The year is not listed, but it seems probable that it takes place in the 1950’s era. Several things might lead a reader to conclude this fact, including the simple freedoms the boys enjoy, the respect the boys offer to adults, and the small town atmosphere that, for the most part, represents an atmosphere that is not largely present in American society today. The fact that text is set in the fall season allows readers to feel the enhanced suspenseful mood Bradbury pens into the entire story with Halloween being involved in the storyline. The characters birth dates are significant in that they are before or after Halloween. Plot Outline: Two boys named Will and James encounter a strange lightning rod salesman, while they’re just on the verge of their fourteenth birthdays, who says a storm is coming their way. Later, the townsfolk also begin to notice a certain shift of the atmosphere, as if there’s something very different in the air. The boys learn about the carnival coming to town and get excited, while Will’s father has a bad feeling about it. When the ominous Dark Man arrives, the boys are both terrified yet thrilled. It seems to be just another carnival at first, but it’s not before long that the forces of darkness themselves are manifesting from the haunting melodies of the carousel-which can change your age depending on which way you ride it-and the glaring Mirror Maze. With his collection of freaks and oddities, such as the Fat Man, Mr. Electro, and the blind Dust Witch, Dark intends to take control of the town and seize more innocent souls to damn. It’s up to Will and James to save their family, friends and themselves because â€Å"something wicked this way comes.† Symbols: * Boys – Young boys run where they will and act upon passing fancies. Things occur unexpectedly and pop up out of nowhere, just like the young boys who run everywhere and can be anywhere at any given moment. The unpredictability of young boys is matched only by that of life. Part of the reason that Jim and Will may have been the ones to figure out the carnival is that, while they did not anticipate it, they move with it. They see it arrive and witness it end, because they move fast enough and far enough to see many things. The other people in the town are a step behind, and they are no match for the carnival. Will’s father, on the other hand, gets in touch with his youthful side just in time to put an end to the carnival. The three run together at the end of the book, just as life in Green Town turns a new page. * The Evil Carnival – Throughout the book the carnival is associated with nothing but bad deeds and awful events. It is a place of evil run by evil people. The carnival is not a part of the town, so its evil is something beyond the normal evil in man. In fact, its evil may be viewed as the evil that threatens to destroy towns. The carnival is the evil that drives people apart and unites them through fear and manipulation, rather than through freedom and caring. The carnival is the evil that threatens to make all people selfish and greedy, and it must be combated in order to ensure that there will always be communities of people living together in harmony. Sentences on dominate themes: 1. â€Å"You’ll live and get hurt,† she said, in the dark. â€Å"But when it’s time, tell me. Say goodbye. Otherwise, I might not let you go. Wouldn’t that be terrible, to just grab ahold?† 2. â€Å"For the thing it most wanted were hidden in the dark.† – Chapter 34, page 121 Important Quotes: 1. â€Å"Not words, old man,† said Mr. Dark. â€Å"Not words in books or words you say but real thoughts, real actions, quick thought, quick action, win the day.† 2. † . . .If you’re a miserable sinner in one shape, you’re a miserable sinner in another.† 3. â€Å"Too late, I found out you can’t wait to become perfect, you’ve got to go out, fall down, and get up with everyone else.† 4. â€Å"Sometimes the man who looks happiest in town, with the biggest smile, is the one carrying the biggest load of sin. There are smiles and smiles; learn to tell the dark variety from the light. The seal-barker, the laugh-shouter, half the time he’s covering up. He’s had his fun and he’s guilty. And men do love sin, Will, oh how they love it, never doubt, in all shapes, sizes, colors, and smells.†

Team building within a generational diverse team Research Paper

Team building within a generational diverse team - Research Paper Example It follows that this essay examines generational characteristics in terms of their articulation within the workplace environment, specifically considering the ways that a generationally diverse team can be accomplished. Generational Gap in Today’s Workforce There are a number of pros and cons in regards to the generational gap in today’s workforce. One of the most beneficial aspects of generational diversity in the workforce is the ability for individuals within this frame of context to engage in collaborative activities that mesh a variety of world perspectives and experiences together in a way that produces higher levels of company results. Conversely, the values that underline the generational differences can oftentimes result in conflicts of opinion or perception that hinder company progress and can derail workplace cooperation. Another factor that is a problem in regards to generational diversity in the workplace is the consideration of the workplace hierarchy in r egards to generational factors. ... Boomer generation’s retirement approaching they place increased emphasis on the importance of benefits; when this emphasis is compared with that of the Generation Xers who are more predominantly concerned with subsistence and building wealth than enhancing retirement portfolios. Team Building In considering the ways that team building can be accomplished within the workforce one of the most central questions is understanding the characteristics that define each generation and then analyzing how they can be intermingled and implemented in as productive a means possible. In these regards, it’s the values that underline the generations that are the most important factors to consider when building a generationally diverse team. It was earlier noted that one of the challenges facing the overarching corporate benefit structure in terms of generational diversity was attuning conflicting desires in term of compensation needs. For instance, in order to build a more functional te am environment, the business or corporate structure must development retirement and compensation packages that take into consideration the competing values of the generations in the work environment. In properly melding these competing desires into a package that appeals to both generations, factors related to motivation can be harnessed as a means of bringing employees together under a shared goal. In these regards, Notter (2009) writes that, â€Å"Knowing in advance how each generation can be triggered, either positively or negatively, can help organizations develop balanced policies and can help individual managers and employees structure their work interactions in ways that benefit all types of people.† Here Notter raises the interesting point that team building with generational diversity is not

James Moor - Computer Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

James Moor - Computer Ethics - Essay Example 269). Thus, individuals are empowered to perform a large number of operations previously unavailable to them. An example might be the ability to make microloans to individuals in developing countries: an ability that most people in developed countries did not have 20 to 30 years ago. As ethical philosophers have pointed out for centuries, even though one can perform a certain action that does not necessarily mean one ought to perform that action. Given this basis for Moor’s discussion of computer ethics, it seems that Moor successfully argues for special consideration of computer ethics as a specialized area in moral philosophy. Early in his essay, Moor introduces the concept of a â€Å"policy vacuum†, which limits the public’s ability to utilize the potential of computer technology. A policy vacuum is an absence of officially recognized public standards for how to utilize a resource. One often finds a policy vacuum where there is cutting-edge technology that the public does not seem to have a use for. A current example of a policy vacuum might be related to green technology, which is subject to endless political debates. Even though the technology exists, it is unclear how the public will deploy those resources and gain benefits from it. Another example of a policy vacuum may exist in developing nations where modern technology is new and not well-understood. In such a case, the country may not see the need for the new resource and thus not capitalize on its potential. Moor also introduces the notion of a â€Å"conceptual vacuum† early in his paper. Although a conceptual vacuum occurs in concert with a policy vacuum, the conceptual vacuum invariably occurs before and causes the policy vacuum. That is, without a â€Å"coherent conceptual framework within which to formulate a policy for action†, there can be no policy for action, which produces the inevitable result of a policy vacuum. A coherent conceptual framework is necessar y because one cannot, for instance, explain the benefits of high-speed broadband to the leader of a developing country who has never used, let alone heard of, the internet. Another example of a conceptual vacuum might be, with respect to the United States, is the debate over the use of renewable energy and â€Å"green† technology. The consequences of a change to alternative sources of energy might not be conceptually compatible with a view of the world that does not admit of the consequences of global climate change. Thus, a policy vacuum results when those who are in charge of making decisions cannot comprehend the conceptual basis of their decisions. Further into his essay, Moor begins to establish a basis for comparing the â€Å"Computer Revolution† with the â€Å"Industrial Revolution†. The reason for this comparison probably lies in the ethical dilemmas evoked by the Industrial Revolution, which Moor is trying to draw parallels with in our modern age. In on e respect, the Computer Revolution is complete: the sense in which our lives have become thoroughly interconnected with computer technology (by means of laptop computers and mobile phones). Nevertheless, in a second sense, the Computer Revolution is not over: the sense in which computer technology has yet to fully develop and fully integrate with every

Brief on Reasonable Doubt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brief on Reasonable Doubt - Essay Example ndard in criminal cases started even during the ancient times which became formalized in the phrase â€Å"beyond a reasonable doubt† that occurred in the late 1798 (American Law Review, 642). In common law jurisdictions, this is now an accepted standard wherein the prosecution must be able to convince the trier that all the elements of guilt have been satisfied (Broun, 341). The United States Supreme Court on one occasion in 1970, explained that the due process clause proof beyond reasonable doubt of the essential facts of a crime charged against the accused, is the standard that guards the accused against an innocent person that may be found guilty (In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358 (1970). In the trial of cases, the jury is always instructed to apply reasonable doubt test to determine the innocence or guilt of the accused (U.S. v. Pepe, 501 F.2d 1142, 1143 (10th Cir. 1974). However defining reasonable doubt is not required by Courts (Torres v. State, 2003 WL 21757509 (Tex. App. El Paso 2003). There were attempts to define what reasonable doubt is. In the Commonwealth v. Webster, reasonable doubt has been defined as, â€Å"that state which, after the entire comparison and consideration of all the evidence, leaves the minds of jurors in that condition that they cannot say they feel an abiding conviction, to a moral certainty, of the truth of the charge,† Commonwealth v. Webster, 59 Mass. (5 Cush.) 295, 320 (1850). In another case, reasonable doubt has been explained to be that which is â€Å"founded upon a real tangible substantial basis and not upon mere caprice and conjecture,† (Cage v. Louisiana, 498 U.S. 39, 111 S. Ct. 328, 112 L. Ed. 2d 339 (1990). It is that doubt which would raise ‘grave uncertainty’ in ones mind because of insufficient or the lack of evidence in prosecuting a person of a crime (Bergman and Hollander, 4). Such a doubt must be an ‘actual substantial doubt’ that a reasonable man can assess (Bergman and Hollander, 2008). The certainty of

Public and Private Behavioral Health Services Coursework

Public and Private Behavioral Health Services - Coursework Example People suffering from mental disorder need much attention, supervision, and specialized care (Ince, 2010). When people with sufficient financial resources suffer from mental illness, they get people or institutions that can take good care of their psychiatric needs. On the other hand, when those without sufficient financial resources fall to this illness most of their time is spent at home with little care and most of the times they stray in the public because of the mental disturbances. Private and public behavior health service providers are classically in the same business but with very different objectives and philosophy of work. The difference being due to the nature of the condition as described above, the demands that associated with it and the effects of the condition (In, 2014). Public facilities goals are to have people suffering from this disorder committed to getting help, but most importantly to ensure that they do not end up harming themselves or others in the public places since they may not have people to watch over them all round the clock. Private institutions on the other end have a mission to offer fulltime care and their time on behalf of the patient’s families, who would otherwise have to spend their time taking care of the patients (Freeth, 2007). These fundamental differences between these patients social and economic status, have created the two institutions. This explains why the public behavioral health service facilities lag behind the private institutions in provision of care for mental disorders. The private institutions are in existence to fill a want, whose willingness and ability to pay prevails, while the public behavior health services providers simply exist to contain a menace of mentally disturbed individuals causing harm or offensiveness to the public. According to McNeese-Smith (2003), the general

Textual Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Textual Analysis - Essay Example For him, group absolution means the dominance of the group influence over individual will. Grossman effectively convinces the audience through pathos and logos that people can kill another person because of their group bonds that dissolve their accountability and promote their anonymity, although he commits the fallacies of false analogy, biased sample, and confusing cause and effect, when he fails to expand his sampling and to identify other probable motivations and conditions for killing. Grossman effectively convinces the audience through pathos that it takes emotional bonding to do something as hard as killing another human being, as well as being killed. He uses different emotional examples to support his claim. For instance, he mentions Dinter who explains that the â€Å"integration of the individual in the group† can be so deep that when the group is destroyed or defeated, individuals either fall to depression or commit suicide (Grossman 149-150). This example is emotio nally charged because it describes how people give up their lives when their groups falter. Furthermore, Grossman highlights the emotional connections involved in group bonding that can overpass the will of survival. He cites the account of a veteran U.S. Marines Corp. Gwynne Dyer, who underlines the role of â€Å"peer pressure† in combat, while Ardant du Picq calls it â€Å"mutual surveillance† (Grossman 150). He mentions these people who believe that groups form emotional connections, which make them extremely aware of and sensitive to one another’s opinions and actions. In addition, Grossman uses examples of emotional value to stress the association between emotional group bonds and individual action. He narrates the action of Audie Murphy as a form of gallantry: â€Å"[Murphy] won the Medal of Honor by single-handedly taking on a German infantry company† (Grossman 155). The word â€Å"single-handedly† suggests that, for Grossman, what Murphy di d is not stupid, but rather admirable. Grossman extends this admiration by quoting something deeply emotional from Murphy, who said that he attacked the Germans against all odds because â€Å"they were killing [his] friends† (Grossman 155). Murphy is illustrated as a selfless, devoted comrade, an emotional tactic that depicts how emotions surpass rationality in the context of heroic acts. Grossman, hence, clearly articulates through the testimonies of others that killing is a group business with strong emotional attachment, and not a product of individual will alone. While using pathos, Grossman also employs logos to explain how the group shapes individual combat behavior. He uses analogy to describe the parallelism between animal and human group behavior. He narrates the result of the 1972 research of Kruck, who learned that some animals slaughter prey that are more than necessary for their consumption because of group behavior (Grossman 151). Grossman believes that the same analogy applies to people in groups, where they think and act like a herd, instead of as separate individuals. He adds the explanation of Shalit, which he believes is important to corroborate his analogy. Shalit believes that â€Å"senseless violence in the animal world† is similar to â€Å"violence in the human domain,† and in both cases, groups are the ones who conduct violent acts, not individuals (Grossman 151). Senseless violence cannot be performed by one individual in normal cases, but groups can

Headhunters in Personnel Staffing Industry Dissertation

Headhunters in Personnel Staffing Industry - Dissertation Example Some businesses may require few replacements, and thus the cost of entering into such agreements is high when the commission charges are low. Further, signing written agreements to recruit workers with certain qualities comes as a contractual obligation that must be fulfilled. However, there are instances where headhunters may not find the ideal candidates, which puts their competitiveness at risk or risk legal action from employers. Employers also benefit from â€Å"gentlemen’s agreements†. There are instances where headhunters save businesses in dire need of employees. In these situations, the employers need urgent solutions that are easily found through â€Å"gentlemen’s agreements†. Designing and signing of a legal contract would be time wasting for both parties. In normal practice, headhunters may lure employees from competitors. Such actions cannot be easily put in legal terms. Thus, requiring headhunters to sign a written contract is detrimental to the personnel staffing industry.   An agreement between headhunters and businesses should be treated as a legal contract. Headhunters and employers would then be in a binding agreement. In addition, headhunters should clearly outline their charges and the modalities of their operations. Recruiting agencies are crucial in an enabling the meeting of employers and prospecting employees. For example, in the case, Cantell, et al. V. Hill Holliday Connors Cosmopulos, Inc., the recruiter enabled Hill Holiday to meet Nancy Lehrer, whom it employed later. Though there was no signed agreement, headhunters enabled Hill Holiday to secure an employee; thus, they ought to pay a commission since it is the only way recruiters make money (Conklin 25). I believe that the agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant in the case could be strengthened by clear guidelines in regard to the operations of the recruiter. In such a case, an employer can know that it owes headhunters for any communicati on it makes with their referral. Thus, the industry can continue surviving with its current simplicity.

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine Essay Example for Free

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine Essay The conflict between Russia and Ukraine over the annual gas transactions and dealings has been mostly intermittent. This presents the gravity of the matter, alongside the fact that the conflict has mainly been seen to transcend the two parties so as to largely affect European countries that heavily rely on this gas. The negative effect of the war stems from the fact that the gas is clearly seen to be Russian, and the transiting route for this gas is Ukraine. Substantial lists of those countries that are hurting as a result of this state of affair are the actual EU member states and the potential EU member states. The situation at the moment continues to aggravate, given the fact that these countries are in the verge of facing an acute disruption of oil supply, a situation that experts such as Adamski, Johnson and Schweiss (2006)[1] say is likely to culminate into a dearth in security in energy supply. This state of affair only means that European Union is to undergo a lot of repercussions and has a lot of vested interests in the ongoing discussions on the common energy policy. At the moment, it is true that the incumbent conflict has placed the issue of solidarity among the EU member states into the limelight. Herein, there is a rush being made at a full throttle by EU nations to ensure a steady supply of gas individually so as to ward off cases of disruptions. Similarly, these countries in Europe are trying to ensure redistribution from non affected member states, to those that are affected. However, the tenability of this rule is called to questions severally, owing to the diversity of interests that the member states have. Apart from the above effects, sundry types of effects the gas clamor has wrought on European countries are addressed heretofore. Bilateral and Multilateral suspicion among European nations and the plummeting of Gas Supply It can be said with some degree of lucidity that the Russian- Ukrainian conflict has taken a new twist into this affair that is causing spiraling degree of tension in the entire Europe. January 6th 2008 marked a new phase in this affair as the chief Ukrainian gas company, Naftogaz accused publicly, the Russian gas giant, Gazprom of making cuts to Europe by at least two-thirds.   As a rebuttal to this, the deputy Chief Executive Officer of Gazprom Alexander Medvedev, made stark indictments of the Ukrainian government for having shut down, at least three fourths of its export pipelines (Carr, 2007)[2]. At the moment, the underlying issue is that Russia has assuaged the level of supply for her natural gas, meaning that two-fifths of EU’s total gas imports have been extirpated. Because of this, predominantly Eastern European countries remaining dependent on Russian imports have remained consistently susceptible to questionings over energy dependence. Similarly, EU has been grilled too, on the account that its policy makers have always talked of finding and securing recourse to Russian gas continually without any achievement to show for it. On a domestic front, since January 6th, Eastern Europe countries have remained subjected to gas rationing, following announcements by the OMV, an Austrian energy company that its daily supply of natural gas had plummeted by 10%. According to LeCoq and Paltseva (2008)[3], this was followed by Romania reporting a reduction in natural gas supplies by 75%, followed by Hungary’s 25%, and Bulgaria’s 15%.   In the same vein, Croatia, the Czech Republic and Poland reported diminishing amounts of gas supply, albeit on a smaller scale. Stalling Growth of the European Countries’ Economy It is pointed out by political scientists and economists such as Scott (2009)[4] that the present standoff over gas between Ukraine and Russia is only bound aggravate the economic crunch in countries of Eastern Europe. This is because; many of these countries are presently facing exorbitant prices in fuel commodities too: a situation that means that even the cost of electric power has skyrocketed of late. The above state of affair, leading to high cost of production, only means that commodity prices are also likely to take a nosedive. These glaring facts are well underscored by the fact that Slovakia announced on January 7th 2009, that it was facing a state of emergency, due to dwindling reserves. Similarly, whereas Hungary can barely breathe due to stifled gas consumption by industrial users, Croatia, Turkey and Slovenia now have their gas supplies totally severed.   Nonetheless, according to Pierre Noel’s calculations, the most affected countries are: Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia and Hungary (Scott, Ibid). Stunted Development in the Industrial Sector It is pointed out by economists such as Lacolizado (2003)[5] that the current situation is also likely to subject a lot of Eastern European countries to industrial stagnation. This development comes in the wake of the revelation that smaller countries in Eastern Europe are witnessing foreclosures in the industrial sector, following two reasons: the minimal and deficient supply of gas in the oil- dependent industrial sector; and the rising prices in gas and gas products, owing to the miniscule supply and the increased demand. As a state, Slovakia remains the most express epitome of the above scenario, as it is making indictments over the dwindling reserves that has entrenched a state of emergency in this country.   Hungary also reports inefficient industrial supply of gas in the industrial sector, as a factor that has inculcated retrogressive tendencies in the industrial sector. Loss of Credibility by the EU One of the issues that undercut the continual standoff between Russia and Ukraine is the fact that EU itself cannot come to the rescue of many nations in this situation, given the fact that although having a clear grasp on what the oil war portends, yet, EU lacks the moral authority to â€Å"correct† either side. Neither can EU simply coerce Ukraine to resume transportation, nor can it side with Ukraine against Russia. In 2006, EU which has been supporting Ukraine traditionally as a fledgling democracy; accused Russia of political patronage and espionage towards Ukraine (Scott, Op ct). Apart from the fact that pushing Russia to resume oil transportation and supply would confirm fears of EU’s lopsidedness against Russia, EU knows so well that the current impasse is not due to Russia’s machinations. Compelling Ukraine to resume her gas transit obligations would hurt her as a democratic and economic youngling.   The only recourse left for EU is to keep issuing general statements and to keep calling sides for negotiations. It is by the virtue of this EU’s apparent failure that it scored a mere 33% in 2008 in votes from citizens in EU member countries, as far as its credibility is concerned. Conclusion By extension of the above Eastern Europe gas crises, researches point out that in the next decade, the world is going to witness an intensified wave of dependency on major powers in Eastern Europe by relatively smaller economies such as Lithuania, Latvia, Turkey, Slovenia and Poland. These major powers in the Eastern block are bound to be only two- Germany and Russia. This is because, Russia herself monopolizes the supply of gas, while Germany on the other hand, has a separate energy deal with Russia. Apart from the fact that these two countries are the most developed in Eastern Europe, their accessibility to gas while their neighbors suffer lack, is bound to widen the industrial chasm between these two sides. References Adamski, J., Johnson, M. and Schweiss, C. (2006). The Evolution of Europe and New Security Threat. Colorado: Ashgate Publishing. Carr, A. (2007). The Gas Conflict in Europe. California: University of California. Europa Publications. (1999). The Commonwealth of Independent States and Eastern Europe. Europa Publications. Lacolizado, A., et al (2003). The Position of Russia in Eastern Europe. New York: Rutledge. LeCoq, A. and Paltseva, P. (2008). Ascertaining Security and External Supplies in the EU. Retrieved From: http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:LZaiqxBpVawJ:www2.hhs.se/site/policybriefs/Russia_Ukraine%2520comment.pdf+HOW+THE+GAS+CONFLICT+IN+RUSSIA+AND+NEAR+COUNTRIES+AFFECTED+EUROPEcd=2hl=enct=clnkgl=ke Scott, M. (Jan 6th 2009). Russian-Ukrainian Conflict Besets Europe: Business Week. Retrieved From: http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:MM8_mTzwy2QJ:www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/blog/europeinsight/archives/2009/01/russia-ukraine.html+HOW+THE+GAS+CONFLICT+IN+RUSSIA+AND+NEAR+COUNTRIES+AFFECTED+EUROPEcd=1hl=enct=clnkgl=ke

Tragedy in Romeo and Juliet Analysis

Tragedy in Romeo and Juliet Analysis At the heart of the plays themes of feuding families, ill-timing, and misfortune lies the true agent that defines Romeo and Juliet as a tragedy; the impulsive and reckless decisions of the young lovers determine, in some way, the tragic outcomes that are mistakenly attributed to fate throughout, and Shakespeares exaggerated account serves as moral instruction of what can happen when choices of this magnitude are made unadvisedly. Although fate does play a part in the actions of the play, it merely serves as instruction to the protagonists. Fate is responsible for maintaining natural order and, as long as this is achieved, the destiny of the lovers lies in their own decisions. Fate serves as a guide, giving moral lessons to the protagonists and even warns them of future disaster. Despite the generosity of the stars, however, they continue to rebel and this, in turn, leads to their demise. A common device of Shakespearian tragedy is the tragic flaw, also known as hamartia, defined as an inherent defect or shortcoming in the hero of a tragedy, who is in other respects a superior being favored by fortune (hamartia, def.). Ultimately, the tragic flaws of both Romeo and Juliet are their beliefs that, without regard to the warnings and guidance of a higher order such as fate, they are above the laws of man; they make decisions without regard to consequence or accountability for the chaos they produce. It is evident in Romeo and Juliet that the impulsive actions of the protagonists are not attributed to inexperience in youth, but rather a reflection of their tragic flaws. In the fourth act of the play where her father asks where she has been, Juliet replies, Where I have learned me to repent the sin of disobedient oppositionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (4.2.17-18). Shakespeares audience, of course, knows that this statement is merely Juliets method of sustaining peace at home until she c an go through with her plan to fake her own death. Regarding the father-daughter patriarchal structure during this time, however, her words are a distinct reflection of what is expected of her in obeying the laws her father demands. This is, perhaps, Shakespeares way of ironically revealing his moral lesson to his audience through the very character who provides the example, revealing what Juliet should do. These words expose her knowledge that obedience provides order, and subsequently, the audience is less sympathetic to her because she does not listen to her own words, those of Friar Laurence, or the warnings of fate. Romeo also reveals his awareness of the Princes law and suggests its importance for social order. In the beginning of Act 3, when Mercutio and Tybalt are fighting, Romeo comes between them and says, The Prince expressly hath forbid this bandying in Verona streets (3.1.82-83). Romeo seems to abandon his recklessness here, but it doesnt last long; he kills Tybalt only a few lines later. Granted, he is revenging his friends death, but this action marks the beginning of the deadly chaos seen throughout the rest of the play. Although he doesnt agree that a tragic flaw leads to the lamentable ending of the play, Fredson Bowers, in his article Dramatic Structure and Criticism: Plot in Hamlet, does, however, believe that the climax in Romeos decision to fight Tybalt involves a personal choice that carries moral responsibility and is therefore morally determinate (210). As the reader can see, tragedy follows a course of increasingly destructive events, and following the scene which marks the point of no return for Romeo, in this case the murder of Tybalt, madness inevitably follows. A. C. Bradley describes this sequence of events in relation to chance by stating that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦any large admission of chance into the tragic sequence would certainly weaken, and might destroy, the sense of the causal connection of character, deed, and catastrophe (Bradley 64). Character represents the tragic flaw; the deed is the climax that leads, then, to madness which is the catalyst for catastrophe. Romeos madness becomes more evident as the reader can see his actions become increasingly less reasonable, beginning with the climactic scene and only ending with his death. Romeos madness is displayed through both his irrational actions and the reactions of Friar Laurence and Romeo himself. After Romeo learns of his banishment from Verona, his response, in both la nguage and action, provokes Friar Laurence to proclaim, O, then I see that madmen have no ears (3.3.61). Here, he recognizes the madness, so quickly evident in Romeo, spawned from Romeos banishment following the death of Tybalt. Later in the play, Romeos madness intensifies to such an extent that he himself recognizes it when he says, The time and my intents are savage-wild, more fierce and more inexorable far than empty tigers or the roaring sea (5.3.37-39). Here, Romeos admission of his madness is Shakespeares way of explicitly informing the audience that Romeo has indeed lost his sensibilities. The madness seen in the previous lines leads directly to catastrophe, namely the death of Romeo. His insanity, before an internal conflict, is now outwardly admitted to Paris when he says, Live, and hereafter say a madmans mercy bid thee run away (5.3.66-67). These lines represent Romeos submission to his madness as he rushes to his intended suicide. Much like Romeos insanity, Juliet exper iences symptoms following the climactic scene of the play. This is recognized by Juliets mother when she states, Some grief shows much of love, but much grief shows still some want of wit (3.5.72-73). Although Lady Capulet believes she is seeing Juliets despair over Tybalts death, her visible display of sorrow is derived directly from her grief over Romeos banishment, and this grief is but the first sign of a creeping irrationality that will lead Juliet to her end. Her irrationality lapses into madness as Juliet begins to hallucinate before drinking Friar Lawrences potion, as can be seen when she says, O, look! Methinks I see my cousins ghost seeking out Romeo that did spit his body upon a rapiers point (4.4.57). Directly after this statement, she drinks the potion, an act that even Friar Lawrence deems desperate (4.1.69), exorcising, through her action, the madness that has acutely built up in her since Romeos banishment. Throughout Romeo and Juliet, fate is referenced in many different ways, yet all passages seem to be directed to the same idea of a higher power watching over the natural order (Kastan 16) of the characters, but the protagonists of the play use fate as a source in which to place blame so not to be held accountable for the decisions they make. Throughout, this higher power has been named the stars (1.4.107), fortune (1.2.57), heavens (4.4.121), fate (3.1.114) nature (3.2.80), and each time Romeo or Juliet makes a rash decision and faces the consequences of the same, they complain that fate is the cause. Fate serves as a help for the young couple, however, and this becomes evident in that, each time the play reaches a critical point important to the plays outcome, the protagonists are warned. This idea of warning from a supernatural or ghostly source is a common strategy in Shakespearian tragedies. Here, Romeo is first warned in a dream which Mercutio calls Queen Mab (1.4.53), right bef ore he is about to meet Juliet for the first time. The dream warns him not to go to the Capulet ball, and fate further guides his decision by planting uncertainty in his decision as a warning of what will happen if he does go. Romeo states, I fear too early, for my mind misgives some consequence yet hanging in the starsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (1.4.106), and although he is affected by this warning and aware of the consequences if he goes, only five lines later, he ignores the warning with On, lusty gentlemen (1.4.113). This is an active decision by Romeo to go to the ball, yet in the previous sentence, he says Direct my sail! (1.4.113). Thus, although Romeo receives help from fate through guidance, warnings of impending disaster, and the free will to avoid decisions, he repeatedly makes bad choices of which he is not willing to take responsibility, but rather, blames the very source that helps him. Another example of this warning comes when Romeo is leaving for Mantua, and this is the last t ime Juliet sees him. This time, both have a feeling of impending doom. Juliet says, O God, I have an ill-divining soul! Methinks I see thee, now thou art so low, as one dead in the bottom of a tomb (3.5.54-56), and Romeo responds with, And trust me, love, in my eye so do you. Dry sorrow drinks our blood. (3.5.58-59). Juliets lines are spoken just three lines after she asks Romeo if they will ever see each other again. Of course, they do not meet again, and these lines mark the next phase of chaos, death, and bad decisions which conclude the play. There are, however, two more references to dreams that correctly reveal encounters, tragic in nature, which could have been avoided. First, Juliet imagines going mad inside the Capulet tomb, blatantly declaring a warning from fate that is being played inside her own daydream. When she says, O, if I wake, shall I not be distraught, envisioned with all these hideous fears, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and, in this rage, with some great kinsmans bone as wi th a club dash out my desprate brains (4.4.49-53), her concerns are actually a proclamation of fates warning that this rash action will eventually lead to her demise, a warning which she promptly dismisses as she drinks the vial only a few lines later. The second of these references to dreams lies in Romeos statement, I dreamt my lady came and found me dead strange dream, that gives a dead man leave to think (5.1.6-7). Romeo does not recognize the implications of this dream, which serves as the voice of fate. Instead, his irrationality spins this message into a form that he is willing to accept, as is seen by the following lines, and breathed such life with kisses in my lips that I revived and was an emperor (5.1.8-9). Due to Romeos maddening obsession with his infatuation, he is unable to decipher the true message of this dream. His irrational actions have set him on a path that will lead to his death. A.C. Bradley believes that tragedy is generally based around a character of prominence and is a story of human actions producing exceptional calamity and ending in the death of such a man (Bradley 64). This element of tragedy, consisting of specific actions that lead to a catastrophe and result in the death of a prominent character, is a classic theme among Shakespearean tragedies. One of the most common aspects of this basis is the element of death, both foreshadowed and realized, as a conclusion to the deranged actions of the primary characters in Shakespeares works. This theme can be seen in many of his plays, such as Hamlet and Othello, but none more so than Romeo and Juliet, where the theme of death is constantly reiterated from the initial prologue to the conclusion of the play. For instance, when paralleling the young lovers courtship to the different stages of the play, one can see these recurrent statements explicitly stated, all of which indicate deaths impending arrival as the natural conclusion of the couples consistent irrational actions. The first of these decisions occurs before Romeo is to attend the Capulets ball. He begins to feel himself traveling down an unnatural path and says, my mind misgives some consequence yet hanging in the starsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦of a despised life, closed in my breast, by some vile forfeit of untimely death (1.5.106-111). Although Romeo, to some extent, feels fates warning and the consequences of his actions, he proceeds to Capulets ball, taking his first step toward his ultimately tragic end. Furthermore, after they meet, Juliet immediately decides he is married and says, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦my grave is like to be my wedding bed (1.9.131-132) before she even learns the name of her idol. This is only the first of many such examples of an irrational thought process that will continue throughout the rest of the story; examples of this unreasonable belief that death is their only alternative further displays their refusal to ac cept the situation and work toward a solution. Instead, death provides an easy solution. By limiting herself to only two options, Juliet consistently bases her decisions on this belief, despite all warnings that she is essentially running headlong to her own death. The next step in the progression of this affair, the marriage of the young lovers, is yet again marked by the presence of death. Upon arriving at Friar Lawrences cell for the proximate ceremony, Romeo declares that, love-devouring death do what he dare it is enough I may but call her mine (2.5.7-8). Once again, the presence of death is foreshadowed at a pinnacle point, and Romeo and Juliet make another aberrant decision. By explicitly challenging death, Romeo is seemingly aware that his mortality is imminent, but he still continues down this path. He does not consider that Juliets actions are mirroring his and leading her to the same conclusion. The couples impetuous drive toward rash decisions is unmistakable throughout the rest of the play. Although they are aware that the opportunity of their continued relationship will ultimately never be presented, the two protagonists pursue death from the beginning. These examples solidify the argument that Romeo and Juliet is a prime example of Shakespeares lesson that death as a natural consequence of the impetuous actions of those who disregard the admonitions of fate. Throughout the realm of Shakespeares tragedies, another theme persists. While the protagonists in Shakespearean tragedies make conscious choices determining their own paths, most commonly against the subtle and blatant warnings of fate, there is a constant element that renders the execution of these decisions compulsory; this idea is known as situational conflict. In his article Art and Artifice in Shakespeare, Elmer Edgar Stoll states, The core of tragedy is situation; and a situation is a character in contrast, and perhaps also in conflict, with other characters or with circumstances (Stoll 69). This idea that there must be a conflict to a tragedy is not a novel idea, but the idea that there must be a situation in conflict with character or circumstance suggests that an author would need to define this situation, either implicitly or explicitly, at some point prior to the climax of the story. Following this design of creating a situational conflict that will force the protagonists to make decisions that will lead them down either fates implied path of natural order or along a course of their own devising, a tragic plot must contain an action that forces this conflict. Shakespeare was not oblivious to this motif; in fact, the construction of his tragedies suggests his acceptance of this template as a method of depicting a tragic plot. In the bulk of Shakespeares tragedies, there is a common event that, apart from the climax and generally between the middle and end of the first act, explicitly defines this situation. The act typically causes conflict in the protagonists state of affairs, which sets the stage for the downward spiral of decisions that the characters make. While in most cases influenced by another character in the play, such as Iagos announcement of his plot to deceive Othello or Lady MacBeths persuasion of MacBeth to kill King Duncan, this triggering event causes the protagonists in Shakespeares tragedies, either immediately or inevitably, to mak e the initial decision that will decide their fate. Romeo and Juliet does not differ from this scheme; the triggering event and the situational conflict are both present within the same location stated previously. Specifically, this event is caused by the attempts of Benvolio and Mercutios to assuage Romeos concerns about attending the Capulets ball. While Romeo initially agrees to accompany them to the event, he soon shows no interest in the nights activities. He says that he will be a candle-holder and look on, and shortly thereafter begins to question his decision to attend the ball at all when he states, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦we mean well in going to this masque, but tis no wit to go (1.4.38, 1.4.46-47). Although he is persuaded by Benvolio and Mercutio, the final decision to attend is ultimately made by Romeo. This choice places Romeo in a situation where conflict is eminent; he walks into the house of the Capulets and woos a lady who he knows, by being present at this event, has ties to his enemy. Therefore, although Benvolio and Mercutio attempt to persuade Romeo to attend the ball and examine other beauties (1.1.221), his choice to do so is the triggering event. This is Romeos first chance to decide whether or not to enter into a situation of conflict and, as with many of Shakespeares tragic protagonists, Romeo makes the wrong choice. There is some debate about the effectiveness of the moral lessons in Shakespeares tragedies. In his article Shakespeare, Walter Raleigh believes, There is no moral lesson to be read, except accidentally, in any of Shakespeares tragedies (Raleigh 66). John Dryden, on the other hand, argues, in his article entitled The Grounds of Criticism in Tragedy, that tragedy is an imitation of one entire, great and probable action; not told, but represented; which by moving in us fear and pity, is conducive to the purging of those two passions in our minds (Dryden 24). The conscious decisions of the characters in Shakespearean tragedy are not only pertinent to the advancement of the tragic plot, but also morally determinate. Shakespeare reveals this idea through fates warnings, the dialogue of the characters, imagery, the advice of characters such as Friar Laurence, finally, in the epilogue, a common element in Shakespeares tragedies. The definition of a morally determinate action is significant in the argument of free will versus fate in Romeo and Juliet because it signifies that the character is aware of the issue and nevertheless makes a choice that is inherently fatal (210). This allows for an exchange of the audiences sympathy for the lovers with a feeling of contentment in knowing that, instead of a dismal view of fates inevitable defeat of innocent lovers, the protagonists have control of their lives and pursue tragedy through their own disobedience. The audience is able to enjoy the play because they too have free will to determine their own fates, yet they also come away with the lesson Shakespeare teaches about the moral responsibility of ones actions. Although the interjection of fate has been discussed previously, the moral reprehension announced by some of the characters in the play regarding Romeo and Juliets actions also serve as a measure by which to gauge the moral accountability of the couples ac tions. For instance, Friar Lawrence is appalled by Romeos exploits with Juliet at the Capulets ball, which is evident when he states, Is Rosaline, that thou didst love so dear, so soon forsaken? Young mens love then lies not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes (2.2.66-68). Essentially, Friar Lawrence is expressing his distaste in the immorality of his decision to wed another woman not a day after his lamentation for Rosaline. This decision is morally reprehensible because it exposes the fickleness of Romeos love and the significance of entering into a marriage without understanding the significance of such an act. This type of reaction is evident again when Friar Laurence castigates Romeo, this time for his effeminate tears and unreasonable fury (3.3.110). Here, Friar Laurence remarks, Hast thou slain Tybalt? Wilt thou slay thyself, and slay thy lady that in thy life lives by doing damned hate upon thyself? (3.3.135-137). Romeos decisions, in this case, are blameworthy because of the selfishness of his statements of suicide, as he does not consider Juliets welfare. He is further subject to blame when one contemplates Romeos previous actions and his failure to recognize the mercy that the Prince has shown him. His selfishness is directly related to the disjointed nature of Romeos decisions; rather than considering the implications of his decisions, he initiates a course of action based on his brash and reckless predilection. The epilogue in Romeo and Juliet repeats the events that unfold in the private counsel of Friar Lawrences cell, and while his account describes the rash actions of Romeo and Juliet, he openly accepts responsibility for his own part in the scandalous event. Friar Laurence is quickly pardoned for his misdeed. The outcome of the epilogue reveals the moral lesson; one must face responsibility for his or her actions, and it is better to accept the outcome than to run away. This is evident when Friar Lawrence pronounces, if aught in this mis carried by my fault, let my old life be sacrificed, some hour before his time, unto the rigour of severest law (5.3.266-268). He accepts complete responsibility for his part in the events that lead to the young lovers deaths and implies his foreknowledge that his actions could result in punishment, indicating that the Friar considered this before acting and juxtaposing this with the actions of Romeo and Juliet. By revealing to the audience both an avoidable situation and the reasons for the tragic ending, Shakespeare succeeds in providing a moral lesson that serves to purge the passion (Dryden 25). The implementation of a tragic flaw, madness, neglecting fates warnings, death, a triggering event, actions which are morally determinate, and the moral lesson provide a clear view of Shakespearean tragedy. The causal relationships between the elements of tragedy, combined with common literary features associated with plot, identifying the triggering event that presents the situational conflict which will lead to the climatic peak of the narrative, the resulting madness that builds in the principals, the ineluctable conclusion of death, and the consummate lesson learnt upon the end of the tale. Throughout this chronology, each step is traversed by a morally determinate adjudication based from, in this case, the main characters tragic flaws, and neglecting the karmic guidance offered by other characters as well as by their own admissions of feelings and dreams. Romeo and Juliet adhere to each of these elements, not on a scarce occasion or two, but continuously and doggedly throughout the course of the story, with each factor intertwining with another to form the basis for which the primary idea related to the main characters decisions may rest; Romeo and Juliets actions were undertaken too impetuously, and while fate did play a role in attempting to advise the young couple as to the natural order of their situation, they exercise their free will to interminably disregard these warnings and set themselves down the slippery slope that results in their undoing.

Overpopulation Essay -- essays research papers

Overpopulation The Book of Genesis tells the story of creation of man. God said to man, "be fruitful and increase in numbers; fill the earth and subdue it." Prior to the nineteenth century, it was believed that God would provide for those who came into the world (Day 101). But, in 1798, this view was shaken by Thomas Malthus' An Essay on the Principle of Population, in which he concluded that while population increases geometrically, agricultural production only increases arithmetically. Current evidence shows that this theory may not be far from the truth. The world population reached 6 billion on October 12, 1999, and is expected to reach 9.3 billion by 2050! The impact of population growth is already felt by a majority of nations. The U.S. population has increased by 78% since 1950. Growing at 3,000,000 per year, U.S. population is expected to approach half a billion people in 50 years. A number of factors drive this growth. At the most basic level, it is because far more people are bo rn each year than die. Advances in nutrition and health care have increased survival rates and longevity for much of the world, and shifted the balance between births and deaths. The demands of increasing population magnify demands for natural resources, clean air and water, as well as access to wilderness areas. In the future, when there are not enough resources to go around, we will see significant scarcity, and a backlash of poverty. A number of problems lie behind scarcity and poverty. Ultimately, our own numbers, and the lifestyles many of us choose to live, drive all the critical issues we confront. Left unchecked, the combination of population growth and consumption- along with increasing inequity between rich and poor individuals and nations-will soon threaten not only the well-being, but even the lives of a majority of people on this planet. When population levels reach a critical threshold, we then see both a decline in the resource base, and damage to the environment, which supplies all those resources. These trends reinforce each other - the damaged environment provides fewer resources, and the shortage of resources causes us to further damage the environment. World energy needs are projected to double in the next several decades, but no credible geologist foresees a doubling of world oil production, which is projected to peak within the next few dec... ...many enjoy today will no longer be attainable. Fortunately a future of scarcity, inequity, and conflict is not inevitable. There are steps to be taken to stabilize population such as controlling fertility. Families can currently choose to have fewer children in industrialized countries. This can also be made possible for developing countries by providing family planning, and reproductive health care. If every couple in the world could reliably and affordably choose the number and spacing of their children, world population growth would slow by nearly twenty percent almost immediately. Protection and enhancement of human rights is necessary so that all people have access to the essentials of a decent life. Improving people's social health and economic well being can move them out of poverty, and away from needing more children for survival. Solving the problem of population growth will also help solve the environmental, economic and social problems the world confronts. "The c hoices we make in the next few decades about our own numbers and lifestyles will determine whether the world of the 21st century will be one of hope and opportunity, or of scarcity and destruction."

Studying Genetically Altered Mice in Behavioral Genetics :: Behavioral Genetics

The field of behavior genetics is rapidly expanding. The practice of altering genes in mice and observing the effects is very common. Because of this it would be appropriate to adopt specific tests which will demonstrate the behavioral phenotype of the organism. In testing for the effects of genetic alteration it must first be ascertained that all of the necessary genotypes are represented. These include homozygous and heterozygous mice and wild type mice with no genetic alterations as controls. If significant differences are found between male and female mice the two sexes must be evaluated on their own. Care must also be taken in selecting the right strain of mice. This is because it has been found that in the strains that are usually used for testing some behaviors are noted to be aberrant and the unusual behavior in these genes might lead to the misinterpretation of the studied mutation. Different approaches are used in order to make the interpretation of these results more accurate in this sort of genetic background. When evaluating the behavior of genetically altered mice it must be ascertained that the mice don’t show any signs of aberrant behavior which would make further testing difficult or impossible. Indices of general health are obtained by recording the mouse’s weight, temperature, and any abnormal features. Neurological function is then assessed using different types of tests. The mouse is stimulated to see if it reacts normally to various different types of stimuli. Reflexes are measured by seeing how the animal reacts to a moving surface, light, and touch. The mouse is then observed in an area resembling an open field where its movements are recorded. Motor coordination is measure by placing it on a rotating rod and seeing how well it maintains its balance. This is also measures by recording its footprints in ink and measuring their pattern and the distance between them. The hearing ability of mice is also measured. These tests can help demonstrate the behavioral paradigms for the animal that is being studied. In some cases a deficit in motor or neurological function might make it impossible to run any further tests since almost all behavioral tests require certain basic functions such as locomotion. Sometimes the tests will have to be altered in order to effectively study the behavioral phenotype of the mice because of deficits in their functioning.

Islam and Gender Equality in Turkey Essay -- Islam

Unlike its other Islamic neighbors, Turkey abolished Sharia law and became a secular nation in the 1920s. As a result, women in Turkey had rights and freedoms not enjoyed by women in any other predominantly Islamic country (Arat 870). The first president of the newly transformed country was named Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who wore western-style clothing. Though Turkey was secular, it was not democratic, as one party ruled (Arat 870). By the 1950s things began to change again as Turkey transitioned to a multi-party system and the Islamists began to campaign more loudly and publicly for the right to practice their faith in public (Arat 871). Turkey has attempted to move toward a two party, more European type of system, or as one article terms it â€Å"Blairism† in reference to former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, since the 1990s (CoÅŸar & Ãâ€"zman 234). But its history and predominant Islamist religious tradition is always present as a backdrop, exerting an influence, which has ebbed and flowed over the years. Because of its history and religious background, Turkey, which sits literally, figuratively, and philosophically, like a bridge between Europe and the Middle East, has something of a dual personality. In particular, unlike many of its European neighbors, the voices of women face more of a struggle to be heard in the political cacophony. Turkey is in a unique position of straddling the West and the Middle East, and its cultural pendulum has swung wildly between the two disparate cultures. At any given moment, a significant number of women in Turkey are in the position of feeling as if their rights are being curtailed, whether the country is in a more secular or Islamic phase. As detailed in the articles examined, when Turkey is se... ...other nations with two very divergent cultural traditions in recent years. The gulf between the Republican and Democratic parties in the US or even the different world views of evangelical Christians as opposed to those who practice mainstream or even no religion in the US looks much smaller when compared with the diversity between the two politically dominant cultures in Turkey. â€Æ' Works Cited Arat, Yesim. â€Å"Religion, Politics and Gender Equality in Turkey: implications of a democratic paradox?† Third World Quarterly 31.6 (2010): 869-884. Print. Turam, Berna. â€Å"Turkish Women Divided by Politics.† International Feminist Journal of Politics 10.4 (2008): 475-494. Print. CoÅŸar, Simten, and Aylin Ãâ€"zman. "Representation Problems of Social Democracy in Turkey." Journal of Third World Studies 25.1 (2008): 233-252. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 14 Nov. 2011.

Marketing Plan of Mother Energy Drink Essay

Mother is an energy drink marketed to Australians and New Zealanders by Coca-Cola. Mother was introduced in late 2006 to compete with the two leading energy drinks on the market, V and Red Bull, which then dominated the $151 million industry and accounted for 94% of sales. Mother remained unaltered on the market for 18 months. Reports emerged in mid-2008 that Coca-Cola had undertaken extensive market research to re-evaluate Mother after it failed to equal or exceed the popularity of V or Red Bull due to most consumers reporting the original formulation to be distasteful. Coca-Cola altered the formulation with respect to taste and addressed consumer dissatisfaction in regards to the ungenerous standard 250 mL can by doubling the size to 500 mL without effect on cost, thus exceeding V and Red Bull which remained 250 ml. Mission statement The mission of Coca-Cola Company is very simple and clear which is to provide products and services that meet the beverage and business needs of customers and consumers. In doing so, they will provide sound and rewarding business opportunities and benefits for customers, suppliers, distributors and communities. Vision statement In the short-term, Coca-Cola will provide the highest quality to their consumers and business partnerships and value the work satisfaction and lifestyle of each associate. In the long-term, Coca-Cola will meet shareholder needs by achieving sustainable growth, and moreover, they want to strengthen relationships with the community and their responsibility to the environment Goals In term of products, Coca-Cola Company is trying to innovate with natural sweeteners, which have the potential to lower calories per serving, and they will also continue developing products fortified with additional nutrients to meet global consumer needs. Marketing overview Market category The launch of Mother Green Storm will be accompanied by an integrated marketing communications campaign, including sampling and social media. Mother Green Storm will be available in three pack sizes: 250mL, 500mL and 4 x 250mL. The new flavor will be available at supermarkets, grocery stores, corner stores and petrol stations Australia-wide. Market size The size of energy drinks market: According to this Statistics, energy drinks only hold 1% of shares in the drinks market. Market potential Mother energy drink will reach 20 percent market share of the total energy marketing share. Marketing structure Because there are lot of energy drink in the marketing such as red bull, monster, rock star, and amp and so on so this marketing is competitive. Trend 1. 1. Economic With the development of worldwide economy, more young people can afford to drink energy. More and more care about their heather, so they will pay more money for their drinking. 5. 2 Technology Energy drink is not like normal drink, it have many trace elements to replenish people which they loss. That need high technology to make it, the higher technology the better effect. Competitor analysis. As a famous energy drink company, Mother is a drink company marketed to Australia and New Zealand by Coca-Cola. Mother has several considerable competitors. The competitors could be classified as direct and indirect competitor. The direct competitor is like the monster, red bull, rock star and amp. The indirect competitors are like some vitamin water, sports water and coffee, which are has the similar effect as energy drink. For comparison, red bull is considered to be the most competitive energy drink. It is one of the most popular energy drink brand in the world and it is effective work. The other competitor is amp energy, which is belongs to Pepsi company. Strengths and weaknesses The form below is the Strengths and Weaknesses analysis on Mother’s significant competitors. | Red Bull Energy drink| AMP Energy drink| Strengths| 1. Many famous cooperative partner. 2. the ingredient is healthy reasonable 3. Long history. Selling well all over the world. 4. Effective work in anti-fatigue| 1. Owned by PepsiCo, has grantee of quality. 2. Many kinds of sort, multiple selection 3. good taste 4. cheaper than | Weaknesses| 1. side effect if drink too much 2. expensive 3. crisis of confidence 4. Not suit for teenager. | 1. High caffeine than most energy drink. No convenient transportation around. 2. intestines and stomach belly will disorder if drink too much 3. The durability is shorter than others| Performance The performance could be classified as the function and the quality. Mother is an energy drink marked to Australia and New Zealand. As for the function, the effect of this drink is let people feel energetic, has the energy to sports. Mother energy has the feature of durability. The quality of mother energy is also could be trustworthy. Mother is the one of the most popular local energy drink in Australia for many years. Positioning To position the market, it should be depended on the circumstance that what are the competitors doing, what are their recent imaginable actions. Energy Drink| Positioning| Red bull| 1. Red bull is doing economic sponsor for many competition for the stake of make brand more popularity2. The ingredient in red bull has been improved, in order to more suit for human body, more healthy3. They also changed the packaging to be more fashion, and let some sports star to be spokesperson. | AMP Energy drink| 1. AMP is positioning to more flavors of energy drink. Let people has more selection 2. Science 2008, AMP has sponsored NASCAR driver to spread the brand. Let more younger people drink it| Mother Energy drink| 1. Mother is the local brand in Australia, it can has more marketplace. 2. Recently, mother launched a new Energy drink variant to the market, featuring â€Å"Fuel Cap Bottle†. This drink is similar to the new mother taste and boasts mothers â€Å"8 energy ingredients† as the main push. | Buyer behavior Buying roles There are 5 roles in buying behavior, which are initiator, influencer, decider, buyer and user. * Initiator is the first person who points out the needs and wants. * Influencer is the person who influences the purchase decision. * Decider is who made final decision. * Buyer is the person who actual paid. * User is the person who used the product and the beneficiary. In this case customers who want Mother, could be these 5 roles. The buyer decision process There are 5 steps in buying process: * needs recognition * information searching * alternative evaluation * purchase decision * after purchase When people first time realize they need energy drink to provide energy, they will go to supermarket and looking for marketing information, see what market can offer them. After that, customers will compare the brands and flavor or even other criteria. In this case, people will find that Mother has lot different flavor, such as Mother Surge, Mother Lemon Bite. After they drinking, if the product performance over customer expectation, customer will be satisfied. However, if the product performance less than customer expectation, customer will be unsatisfied. People can buy Mother anywhere from the shop, supermarket or bodega Market Segmentation Market segmentation is portions of the overall market that are different from one another and it consists of consumers with similar characteristics and needs. A successful organization will understand that they cannot sell everything to everybody therefore marketing segmentation implies on the understanding of consumers and satisfy their needs better than the competition. The segmentation profile of Mother energy drink will be based on Australia such as geographical segmentation, demographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation as well as behavioral segmentation. Geographical| Australia is the sixth biggest territorial area in the world. It has a dispersed population where people from different places came to live in together as a nation. Its population is 23,155,161(August 2013). Moreover, the climate of Australia is tropical, being hot and humid all year, especially the middle of Australia. Thus, having the energy drink around, it cools their throat as well as providing the people with energy that is needed for some parts of the state, which requires them to work late| Demographical | The specific age group that would be interested in the drink Mother would be those from the age of 18 years old to the age of 25 years old. Due to the range of age factor, most of the target youth’s occupation is more likely to be students and working adults as well. There are still some students who take up part time jobs in order to earn more money while studying. They have got disposable income, which is used to spend on Mother, a convenience product. Mother may focuses on young men who are always in need of an energy booster in order to do bigger things. These young men would require an energy drink to stay up late at night, due to gaming, or for exercising purposes. | Psychographic| At the psychological traits, these consumers who purchases Mother, are those who belongs to the lower social class groups. These young adults ranging from the age of 18 years to 25 years old. They are young, enthusiastic, impulsive consumers, who seek to savor the new and offbeat product. They have less responsible so they can spend much of their income on trendy consumer goods and entertain themselves. Furthermore, they are active in both physical and social activities. For instance, consumers who do activities such as going to the gym, or doing sports regularly. Mother is also a form of sports drink for the sports people. As Mother portrays itself as an energy drink that could generate bigger ideas and doing bigger things as shown in the Motherland Advertisement marketed by Coca Cola, this results in consumers wanting to correlate themselves with the drink as they want to be portrayed as a capable person or a person with an energetic personality. Mother energy drink looks spanking new to young men as an all-natural drink with attitude since the branding on the cans is gothic and reminiscent of a tattoo. | Behavioural| The target market is using Mother Energy Drink as rejuvenated drink. Therefore, Mother can be aimed to offer the promotional package, which sells two 500ml cans of Mother for Woolworths and Coles. The usage rate will be leading to moderate to high user depends on their consumptions. This is because sportsmen who are constantly working out, they would be consuming more of these energy drinks to give them the energy they need while exercising. On the other hand, students who are constantly up late at night, studying, or doing leisure activities that requires them to stay up, would also consume the energy drinks in order to feel perked even in the early hours. Mother will be consumed mostly in the day and night compared to the afternoons. This is because these are the two crucial times in which these energy drinkers would need the energy to do their activities at home, a friend’s place or at the club or bar| Internal Analysis SWOT analysis is an analysis of company’s strength and weakness, also measures the opportunity within the market environment and investigates the threat that might affect their achievements. Strength 1. What does Mother do better than its competitors? And what is the advantages does Mother have over competitors?(http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=PSgusGf9OTk) Mother has opened market towards teens 2. It is clearly that this kind of videos uploaded on the internet for people who loves crazy staffs or who likes to enjoy their lives within limit life while they are young. 3. Hence, the advertisements told their audiences Mother can give your energy hit and the message sent to teens are whether you did any crazy things ‘Mother Made Me Do It’ which is interesting enough to become their advantages: grabbing Australia teens attention. Weakness 1. As long as they focus on the teens, other age group might be left out, such as housewife or ppl who already got a job, etc. 2. The limitation of targeted ppl is their weakness. other weakness such as unhealthy , as we looked up online the first news of Mother popped up as some teens got harm with drinking Mother or Mother contains more caffeine than other energy drink may cause death. Those kind of negative reports are super weakness for its sales. Opportunities 1. As we all know that Mother has developed 500ml bottle with new packaging appeared in the market. 2. This comparing with V and Red Bull’s 250ml bottle can be more cheap and enjoyable. I believe that this is capable enough to cater to public needs which then be seem as an opportunity. Treats 1. According to our previous interpret, Mother occupied 14% of the energy drinks market within Australia, which means as the market limitation mother faces more pressure and diluting of the current market. 2. Once new drinks come into the market, they will be the potential threats of diluting the drinks market. 7P’S * Product: from 2006 till now, Mother developed 7 different favours: Mother Surge, Mother Big Shot, Mother Lemon Bite, Mother Low Carb, Mother V8 Powered, Mother Frosty Berry, Mother Green Storm. All those developments can create values. * Promotion: Mother and Call-of-Duty recently joint together operating a new packing energy drink for the promotion of them both. * Place: we can see Mother energy drink in everywhere, vending machine, supermarket, local milk bar, etc. * Price: 500ml for one can is $3. 5 in the market. Comparing with 250ml V and red bull, this price is better. * Physical environment: for the product Mother, the tangible aspects are the big manufacturing companies V and Red bull. They hold most of the market shares. * Process: Mother has its Facebook, putting all activities on it for its fans to follow. * People: they have many strategic marketing methods like giving free samples in the stations, leaflets for its activities, and sponsor for music concerts.